Fruit Fly Essay Example for Free

Fruit Fly EssayThis experiment focuses on the effect weewee vating tub temperatures return on D. melanogaster bring downing and withholding an anoxic coma. It was found that there was an indirect relationship amid the amount of time it took D. melanogaster to enter and recover from an anoxic coma and the temperature of the piss bathroom. D. melanogaster was able to enter and recover from the anoxia coma quicker when they were drowned in a cold water bath condition when comparing these results to the substantial water bath condition results. These results support some other research findings that investigated the effects of the water bath temperatures. too other mechanisms that aid D. melanogaster in being able to successfully survive an anoxia coma were researched and discussed while connecting them to on-line(prenominal) research on humankind patients with pulmonary diseases. Many animals have developed mechanisms that allow them to sustain anoxia comas for lengt hy periods of time with little to no physiological consequences.This experiment is designed to test the amount of time it takes drosophila melanogaster to enter and recover from an anoxia coma at different water bath temperatures. The purpose is to deduce the effects temperature has on the organisms ability to enter and survive the anoxia coma, and generalize what body changes allow D. melanogaster to carry through this feat. The results are then extrapolated to include how current research is using this information to stiffen the amount of anoxia related stress humans with pulmonary diseases experience. MethodsEach condition was tested with a separate single free radical of D. melanogaster (cold bath 8 go and warm bath 11 flies), and all of the flies used were slightly 1-9 day old males. Each group of D. melanogaster was held in a container that provided adequate nutrients prior to the experiment, and then transferred to a drowning container that held no nutrients. One group of D. melanogaster was put into a cold water bath (3? C) whereas the other group of flies was put into a room temperature bath (24. 5? C).The amount of time it took for the D. elanogaster to check into moving for each condition was recorded as well as the amount of time it took for the snuff it D. melanogaster to breach moving. Once all movement ceased, the D. melanogasters were left submerged for one hour. Afterwards they were removed from the drowning chambers, and cautiously transferred from the drowning chamber to a plastic vial with a cotton stopper using a tonality brush. Each vial was tapped for one minute, with the cotton stopper at the bottom, prior to recording the flies convalescence time in baffle to help dry off the flies.After the initial minute, the time it took for the low gear and last D. melanogaster to recover (when they started to walk around, not merely flapping their wings) was recorded, and the amount of viable flies at the end of the experiment was o verly determined. Results The results show that it took considerable more time for the D. melanogaster to recover from the anoxia coma than it took for them to enter the anoxia coma. The average failure time for both conditions was 124. 75 seconds whereas the average recovery time for both conditions was 690. 75 seconds.Also, the temperature of the water bath seems to have a considerable effect on the amount of time it takes for the flies to enter and recover from the anoxia coma. It took the D. melanogasters that were drowned in the cold water bath an average of 22 seconds to enter the anoxia coma, yet an average of 244. 5 seconds to recover from the anoxia coma. This same pattern is seen in the D. melanogaster that were drowned in the warm water bath with an average of 227. 5 seconds to enter the anoxia coma, and an average of 1,137 seconds to recover from the anoxia coma.The Q10 look on determines how a change of 10? C sight improver the rate of chemical processes in an organ ism, and was calculated for both the failure and recovery conditions of this experiment. The Q10 value provides information about how an organisms metabolism is affected by the temperature of its purlieu. It was found that the flies had a failure Q10 value of 2. 964 whereas the recovery Q10 value was 2. 044. Figure 1 This shows the average amount of time it took for D. melanogaster to stop moving and enter into a coma as a result of being drowned in the water bath.Figure 2 This shows the average amount of time it took for D. melanogaster to start walking/crawling around over again by and by being removed from the water bath. Discussion An exothermic organisms metabolism exhibits a direct relationship with the temperature of its environment. This means that as the temperature of the organisms environment decreases the rate of its metabolic pathways besides decreases. As an exothermic organism, D. melanogaster shows that it is easier to shut down and enter an anoxic coma when in a colder environment as compared to being in a warmer environment.This shows that when in a cold water bath more mechanisms are working together to aid the organism in entering the anoxic coma. D. melanogaster also showed that is takes significantly more time to recover from an anoxic coma than it takes to enter one regardless of the water bath temperatures. This delay could be a result of the organism recreating its supply of the metabolites it requires to restore the sodium/ one thousand channels and enzymes needed for the metabolic pathways which are extremely important in providing movement in D. elanogaster.When exit an anoxic coma D. melanogaster also has to prevent re bitive oxygen stress while reoxygenating after anoxia. Milton (2007) showed that T. scripta have 5 potential sites for this type of prevention up-regulation of protective pathways, increasing antioxidants and decreasing production after reperfusion, and repair, protection, and neurogenesis after the oxidation of proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA. CO2 and N2 concentrations are known to also affect the recovery time.According to Nilson (2006), since chill comas, CO2, and N2 act directly on the transmission of neuronal signals it comes as no surprise that recovery times increase with an increase of CO2 and N2 exposure. Also Vigne (2009) showed that strong dietary restrictions that are close to starvation conditions can reduce the amount of stress experienced from anoxia recovery. Many organisms are able enter anoxic comas in order to conserve their energy and survive extreme conditions for long periods. Haddad (2006) has shown that D. melanogaster can sustain an anoxia coma for up to 5 hours, and T. cripta have been known to survive 2 days of anoxia with less than 3% cell death upon reoxygenation (Milton, 2007).The human brain fails miserably in comparison which will die within 10 minutes of a decreased oxygen supply, since humans do not have mechanisms that allow them to freely enter anoxic com as or effectively deal with the stresses it causes on the body. The study of the mechanisms that allow other organisms to be anoxia tolerant can be used to understand the effects of some human conditions, and develop methods that counter their effect. D. elanogaster has been used in numerous research studies because they provide a better model to study noncell-autonomous effects (Azad, 2009). In humans, anoxia is specifically associated with pulmonary diseases such as congenital heart diseases with right to left shunts. Present research is commission on the effects trehalose, a glucose dimer, has with preventing, or reducing, anoxia related stresses that patients with pulmonary diseases experience. According Azad (2009), transfecting mammalian cells with Drosophila tps 1 gene protects them from anoxia related injury.