The Challenger Address Essay Example for Free

The Challenger Address Essay Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th United States President after winning against the Democratic Challenger Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election. Reagan won by attaining 50. 7% of the popular votes in that particular election. It can be said that the beginning of his term was not that pleasing. On his first year of term, he fired 11,345 air traffic controllers who, according to him violated the regulation of the government that prohibits unions from striking. Also, it had been said that unemployment in the United States increases to 10. 8%, which is greater than any time since the great depression during his first year in position. However, this percentage dropped during the rest of his presidency. It can also be said that after his first term, Reagan gained the respect and trust of the American people by being nominated for the second time as the president of the United States on the 1985 presidential election in which he was elected by landslide, having unprecedented number of votes. It was also said that during his years of presidency, restoration of prosperity was viewed by the people as well as global peace. It was also in the year 1986 that the income tax code was revised by Reagan wherein millions of people with low income were exempted. The year 1986 is not just a year of development in terms of social conditions in the United States; it was also a time wherein space exploration was greatly admired. By that time there had been several developments and expeditions that can be considered successful. Thus, the people especially Americans were very enthusiast to explore and to achieve greater heights in terms of space travel and exploration. However, this year was also a tragic time for the space exploration era when the Space Shuttle Challenger explodes a short while after lifting off, leaving none of the seven crews alive on January 28, 1986. The public was shocked at what they witnessed. Also, by that time, President Reagan was planning to deliver a speech to the American people but was compelled by the tragedy of the Challenger. Thus, President Reagan delivered a speech concerning the accident rather than the one that he intended to deliver to the people. This speech was well known as the â€Å"Challenger Address†. The accident had a great impact in the American people. The main reason was stated by the president himself in his â€Å"Challenger Addressed†. There had been a history in space exploration wherein lives were lost, three of them. The accident happened around 19 years before the Challenger tragedy. Although there had been cases of death regarding space exploration, the fact that the tragedy happen in mid air shocked the Americans and the whole world as well. There had never been any accident regarding space exploration that happened a few seconds after the shuttle’s takeoff. Two interpretations can be given why the speech of President Reagan was known as the â€Å"Challenger Addressed†. The first is, it was given that title since the shuttle was named Challenger. However, looking at the contents of the â€Å"Challenger Addressed†, it can be said the word Challenger does not refer to the name of the shuttle but rather to the contents and message of the speech. The president is challenging the nation to continue their search and to never lose heart in space exploration because of the Challenger accident. There had been several components of the speech that makes it effective and appealing to the American people. The very first part of the speech that Reagan used to encourage the people to pursue space explorations was by calling the astronauts heroes, Reagan stated, â€Å"We mourn seven heroes† (Reagan, 1986). He also states that the astronauts were well aware of the dangers that they must face but have overcome it. The president also showed his sympathy with the people especially the family of the astronauts. In order to gain the sympathy and heart of the people, they must know that you are one with them, in spirit and emotions. President Reagan expressed his anguish and mourned not only with the families of the astronauts but with the whole nation as well. At the beginning of his speech, President Reagan sympathized and mourned with the nation in order to appeal to them. However, his tone was developed in the succeeding paragraphs, from appealing to encouraging. He did this by saying, â€Å"The future doesn’t belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave† (Reagan. 1986). These statements surely challenged the people at that time. The impact of the tragedy was reduced in an instant. The president also stated his desire to talk to the people of NASA and to tell and show them that their efforts are well appreciated as well as their sacrifices and bravery and encourage them to pursue their search despite the Challenger accident. Another part of the â€Å"Challenge Address† was the story of Sir Francis Drake, a great explorer who lived by the sea and died on it. President Reagan uses parallelism to connect the present situation into another situation in the past. Thus, those who died in the tragedy are compared to and are paralleled with Drake that creates a good impression for the seven crews of the Challenger. Just as Drake was considered a great man, they too are considered heroes and great explorers. President Reagan ends his speech by saying that the memories of the seven crews will never be forgotten. Thus, showing that they are valued as well as their sacrifices and hard work will never be in vain. This was also important in order to encourage the youth in pursuing to be an astronaut because of the fear that was established by the Challenger accident. It is important to know that your hard work is acknowledge by the society in general in order to be motivated and to pursue a certain career. One of the main factors why the speech was effective was the image, personality and credibility of the speaker. Being the president that time, people will surely listen to what the Reagan has to say. However, in terms of astronomical knowledge and the risk and sacrifices needed on being an astronaut, he cannot be considered a pro. There will surely be different sides of the address; it may either encourage the audience while others may see that the President was in no position to make such address. In every issue, there is always a positive and as well a negative aspect. However, it can be said that President Reagan was able to really challenge the people to search for greater achievements in terms of space exploration and taking the Challenger tragedy as a part of reaching greater knowledge and understanding of the universe, that every quest has its own risk as well as sacrifices that has to be overcome to really success in that particular area. The occasion or the time in which a speech was delivered was also a very important factor for a speech to be effective. The â€Å"Challenger Speech† will not have the same impact if it was delivered without such event, the Challenger tragedy, happening. Thus, the situation or the tragedy is a very big factor why the address made by President Reagan caught the attention of many people by that time and as well as the attention and interest of the people in the contemporary time. There are a lot of things that has to be considered in order to make an effective speech of which four components are primary; the speaker, the audience, the occasion and of course, the speech itself. It can be said that the â€Å"Challenger Address† by former President Reagan is effective because these components had been addressed properly. The speaker is credible enough for the people to listen to what he has to say as well as the occasion needed to gain the attention and interest of the audience. Of course, the audiences were concerned about the situation because of the impact of the tragedy. And of course, the speech itself was well made, something that is expected for a United States President. References Michigan State University Libraries. (No Date). Space exploration. Retrieved January 30, 2008 from http://www. lib. msu. edu/publ_ser/docs/displays/Displaymarch03. html. Reagan, R. (1986). The space shuttle ‘challenger’ tragedy address. Retrieved January 30, 2008 from http://www. americanrhetoric. com/speeches/ronaldreaganchallenger. htm. The White House. (No Date). President Ronald Reagan 1911-2004. Retrieved January 30, 2008 from http://www. whitehouse. gov/history/presidents/rr40. html.

Development of School Software

Development of School Software 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Test Plan has been written to communicate the school easy software development and testing procedures with the client. It includes the objectives, scope, testing methods, schedule, risks, and approach. This document will clearly identify what the test deliverables will be and what is deemed in and out of scope. 2.0 OBJECTIVES AND TASKS The School Easy is a school grade and day to day management tool used to let the school and teachers communicate with their students. This software is a new product written with Java to be platform independent. The Greater Software is responsible for testing the product and ensuring it meets the clients needs. 2.2 Tasks The initial phase of this project will deliver School Easy software with functionality to the client so they can create and store the results from the alpha tests. These result will allow Greater Software to improve the updated versions of the software. The School Easy must have a full functionality by the delivery date. 3.0 SCOPE The followings are the must have requirements from clients. These and any supplementary request from the client must be all included in the final product. Create initial criteria with detailed sub-steps. Create the transfer schedule. Report and receive feedbacks from the client. Establish transition team. Conduct the tests. Create the final product. Conduct the final test. Deliver the product to the client. First of all, the liaison teacher or account will be appointed to ease the communication between the client and company. She or he will be the main line of communication with the client. The Greater Software will work with School Easy until the client will accept and sign off the final product. Rewriting, moving or porting existing test cases from the existing testing documents is not considered part of this project. Since the client is consisting of three major group of users -teachers, exam departments, and accounts and will probably include students in the future, the Beta testing period will be expected to take much longer than Alpha testing. The Greater Software is committed to delivering the best software to satisfy our clients requirements. In order to experience our pledges, the clients are asked to join our development process from the initial phases of the software development. The following approaches will describe our commitment detail: Permit our developers to own and prove the quality of our software. Engage our clients by making their feedback process easier and readily accessible to gather early possible feedback data. Conduct testing while enable the larger testing team to track faster, more flexible, and more engaging mixed development environment. These effective testing strategies will include automated, manual, and exploratory tests to reduce risk and tighten release cycles. The following tests will be conducted during the development: Unit tests: It validates the smallest components of the system, ensuring they handle known input and outputs correctly. It will individually test classes in the application to verify they work under expected, boundary, and negative cases. Integration tests: It exercises an entire subsystem and ensure that a set of components play nicely together. Functional tests: It verifies end-to-end scenarios that the client will engage in. Definition: These tests are basically written and executed by Greater Software to make sure that code meets its design and requirements and behaves as expected. The goal is to segregate each part of the program and test that the individual parts are working correctly. This means that for any function or procedure when a set of inputs are given then it should return the proper values. It should handle the failures gracefully during the course of execution when any invalid input is given. It also must provide a written contract that the piece of code must assure. It is basically done before integration after Code and Debug development. Participants: Examiners, Programmers, Teachers Methodology: The test will be conducted in the classroom setting while the feedbacks are sent to programmers with error messages. Definition: System Integration Testing(SIT) is a black box testing technique that evaluates the systems compliance with specified requirements. It is usually performed on a subset of the system while system testing is performed on a complete system and is preceded by the user acceptance test (UAT). It can be performed with minimum usage of testing tools, verified for the interactions exchanged and the behavior of each data field within the individual layer is investigated. After the integration, there are three main states of data flow: Data state within the integration layer Data state within the database layer Data state within the Application layer Participants: Examiners, Programmers, Teachers Methodology: Programmers will write codes according to the specification established by the clients requirements. There are four different system integration test techniques: Top-down Integration Testing Bottom-up Integration Testing Sandwich Integration Testing Big-bang Integration Testing Definition: Performance testing, a non-functional testing technique performed to determine the system parameters in terms of responsiveness and stability under the various workload. Performance testing measures the quality attributes of the system, such as scalability, reliability and resource usage. Participants: Examiners, Programmers, Teachers Methodology: Programmers will write codes according to the specification established by the clients requirements. There are four different Performance Testing Techniques: Load testing It is the simplest form of testing conducted to understand the behavior of the system under a specific load. Load testing will result in measuring important business critical transactions and load on the database, application server, etc., are also monitored. Stress testing It is performed to find the upper limit capacity of the system and also to determine how the system performs if the current load goes well above the expected maximum. Soak testing Soak Testing also known as endurance testing, is performed to determine the system parameters under continuously expected load. During soak tests, the parameters such as memory utilization are monitored to detect memory leaks or other performance issues. The main aim is to discover the systems performance under sustained use. Spike testing Spike testing is performed by increasing the number of users suddenly by a very large amount and measuring the performance of the system. The main aim is to determine whether the system will be able to sustain the workload. Definition: User acceptance testing, a testing methodology where the clients involved in testing the product to validate the product against their requirements. It is performed at client location at developers site. UAT is context dependent and the UAT plans are prepared based on the requirements and not mandatory to execute all kinds of user acceptance tests and even coordinated and contributed by the testing team. Participants: Accountants, Programmers, Students, Teachers Methodology: The acceptance test cases are executed against the test data or using an acceptance test script and then the results are compared with the expected ones. 4.5 Batch Testing Batch Testing of the software will be done as needed base. Definition: Regression testing is the selective retesting of a system or component to verify that modifications have not caused unintended effects and that the system or component still works as specified in the requirements. It makes use of specialized tools to control the execution of tests and compares the actual results against the expected result. Usually, regression tests, which are repetitive actions, are automated. Testing Tools not only help to perform regression tests but also helps us to automate data set up generation, product installation, GUI interaction, defect logging, etc. For automating any application, the following parameters should be considered. Data-driven capabilities Debugging and logging capabilities Platform independence Extensibility Customizability E-mail Notifications Version control friendly Support unattended test runs Participants: Accountants, Examiners, Teachers Methodology: Typically, there are 4 test automation frameworks that are adopted while automating the applications. Data Driven Automation Framework Keyword Driven Automation Framework Modular Automation Framework Hybrid Automation Framework 4.7 Beta Testing Definition: Beta testing is also known as user testing takes place at the end users site by the end users to validate the usability, functionality, compatibility, and reliability testing. Beta testing adds value to the software development life cycle as it allows the real customer an opportunity to provide inputs into the design, functionality, and usability of a product. These inputs are not only critical to the success of the product but also an investment into future products when the gathered data is managed effectively. Participants: Accountants, Examiners, Programmers, Students, Teachers Methodology: There are a number of factors that depends on the success of beta testing: Test Cost Number of Test Participants Shipping Duration of Test Demographic coverage Task Name Start Finish Effort Comments Test Planning Review Requirements documents Create initial test estimates Staff and train new test resources First deploy to QA test environment Functional testing Iteration 1 Iteration 2 deploy to QA test environment Functional testing Iteration 2 System testing Regression testing UAT Resolution of final defects and final build testing Deploy to Staging environment Performance testing Release to Production

Comparing Little House on the Prairie and Sarah Plain and Tall :: Compare Contrast Comparison

Comparing Little House on the Prairie, written by Laura Ingalls Wilder, and Sarah Plain and Tall, Written by Patricia MacLachlan Little House on the Prairie, written by Laura Ingalls Wilder, bears some resemblance to Sarah Plain and Tall, written by Patricia MacLachlan. Within both of the texts one can find two families that are adjusting to life out on the Prairie. Even though the books are written some fifty years apart they still portray the aspects of living on the prairies in the Midwest. In both books the parents seem equally important to the plot, while the point of view enhances the importance of the children within the books. In Little House on the Prairie the family is already formed, but the homestead is not. The opposite situation occurs in Sarah, Plain and Tall, where the homestead is in place but the family is not quite complete until Sarah travels from Maine to live with Jacob, Anna and Caleb. In both books, all of the characters are very similar. Charles and Jacob, the fathers in the books, are seen as very strong willed, loving and appear to be capable providers. The fathers in both of these books are in control of their families and do whatever is necessary to provide. On many occasions Charles travels to Independence to get food for his family and he also hunts and traps animals to sell their fur. Although Jacob's acts of providing for his family are more stationary, he works hard on their farm to provide for them. The men may be hard workers and do the main part of the manual labor, but the women also do their share to contribute to the success of the family. In Sarah, Plain and Tall the roof needs repaired and a storm is on the way. Jacob tells Sarah that he needs to fix the roof and she replies, "We will fix the roof." (46). Sarah and Caroline are both willing to do their share of work on the prairie. Caroline helps Charles build their house on the prairie. "Pa lifted one end of a log onto the wall, then Ma held it while he lifted the other end"(58). Sarah also insists that Jacob should teach her how to drive the wagon because she wants to go into town to get supplies.

As I Lay Dying Essay -- Literary Analysis, William Faulkner

William Faulkner’s portrayal of women, Addie Bundren specifically, in As I Lay Dying presents an interesting look into the gender politics of the south in the 1930s. Addie lies at the heart of the novel; yet despite being the heart, her presence for most of the story is as a corpse. Faulkner only gives her one chapter to explain herself; and it is her desire to be buried in Jefferson that sets in motion everything that happens in the novel. There is a profound tension at work between words and Truth her chapter: Addie ascribes no value to words, they are nothing more than dead sounds. And despite her claim that words are â€Å"quick and harmless†, she is tricked by them, and relies on them to take her revenge on Anse. While the word â€Å"sin† means nothing to Addie, she is nevertheless consumed by the idea of Sin. The fundamental problem for the reader is how to decipher a chapter of words when Addie says they are empty shapes. Addie’s nihilistic approach to language reveals her attempt to escape her subjugation as a woman: as a â€Å"woman†, Addie cannot help but fall into the traps of â€Å"wife† and â€Å"mother†, and their associated duities. Addie’s chapter placement complicates the novel, as it is placed after she dies; Faulkner does not make it clear whether he is presenting her voice from beyond the grave or if this is supposed to have taken place sometime in the past. From the very beginning of the chapter, Addie shows a darkness in her heart that the reader has not seen before. She hates children (169). She hates her father for bringing her into the world; and telling her that the â€Å"reason for living [is] to get ready to stay dead a long time† (169). She doesn’t appear to take any pleasure in living, except when she punishes her st... ...idelity; she â€Å"merely took the precautions that he thought necessary for his sake, not for [her] safety, but just as [she] wore clothes in the world’s face† (175). She continues her rebellion in her treatment of Jewel: rather than treating Jewel worse because he is a constant reminder of his sin, he is her favorite child, believing that he will save her from the water and the fire (168)—which Jewel does in turn; he rescues her body from the river, and single handedly carries her body from Gillespie’s burning barn. She identifies Jewel as her savior because he is the symbol of her rebellion. Addie’s carries out her final, and most damning act of revenge, by making Anse promise to take her body to Jefferson. This request places Addie’s dead family explicitly above Anse and her children, and she knows that Anse will carry it out because he is bound by his word.

What the High School Educator Must Know :: Discourse Community Education Essays

What the High School Educator Must Know Consider all that a high school educator must know (or at least attempt to know). The truly good ones--the ones who motivate us, instill a love for learning, and ultimately change our lives for the better--know a great deal (salaries and public perception notwithstanding). They know their subject matter, they know and understand human motivation, they are aware of the power of interpersonal relations and how to use that knowledge to gain the most benefit from the least potential, they understand the po wer of their own rhetoric (even if they don't consider rhetorical studies an important aspect of their academic lives), and most importantly, they know how to share this knowledge with others. High school educators today (the good ones) are mentors, frie nds, counselors, coaches, researchers, sources, role models, disciplinarians, crisis managers, and on and on. With all that our really good high school educators know and do, it might seem absurd for me (a high school educator) to sugg est that we need to dig in and truly understand yet another aspect of our students' lives, and yes, even our own. But I am suggesting just that. If we don't understand the powerful impact discourse communities have on what we do, how we do it, and what we're trying to ach ieve, we are shortchanging ourselves, and more importantly, we are shortchanging our students. Just what is a discourse community though? And why are so many in the field of rhetoric bandying about this term? This "social framework regulating textual production" (Porter 38) goes by many names: it's what Stanley Fish calls "the interpretive co mmunity," what Michel Foucault calls "the discursive formation," and what Patricia Bizzell calls "the discourse community" (38). James Porter of Indiana University-Purdue University at Fort Wayne, however, seems to have generated the clearest definition of a discourse community. A "discourse community" is a group of individuals bound by a common interest who communicate through approved channels and whose discourse is regulated...[The community] shares assumptions about what objects are appropriate for examination and discussion, what operating functions are performed on those objects, what constitutes "evidence" and "validity," and what formal conventions are followed. (38-39) It is important to remember that we all are part of various discourse communities throughout our lives (each of which dictates the conventions we follow, the language we use, and the credence we give to what we hear or read).

Vip Ltd. Industry : Moulded Luggage

JV CAPITAL SERVICES PVT. LTD www. sharetrading. in VIP LTD. INDUSTRY : MOULDED LUGGAGE NSE Symbol : VIPIND CMP 115 RISK PROFILE: MEDIUM BUY TARGET 210 Key Data : 52 week H/L : Market Cap (Rs Cr. ) : Face Value : Beta : P/E : Div % : BV : PBV : (Source : Company) 294/32 314 10 0. 92 26 0. 87 48. 9 2. 3 VIP Industries is engaged in the travel product business. The Company operates in two business segments: luggage & accessories and furniture. The products manufactured by the Company includes plastic moulded suitcase, plastic moulded briefcase and vanity case.The Company’s portfolio of brands includes V. I. P. , Carlton, Delsey, Footloose, Alfa, Aristocrat and Skybags. The Company’s subsidiaries include Carlton Travel Goods Ltd. and Blow Plast Retail Ltd. INVESTMENT RATIONALE Despite the slowdown in the global trends of economy, the luggage markets performed flat. VIP Industries is the largest player in Indian luggage market. One of the large segment of Indian luggage mark et is the canteen Store Department (CSD). VIP luggage continues to enjoy a prominent position and is one of the most respected brands in CSD.Apart from the domestic market, the company also exports sizeable quantity of luggage to Europe & gulf and has presence in Africa & many other countries. With a view to expand and to access the international markets, the company during FY09 has set up a wholly owned subsidiary in UK. The company has also acquired the well known international luggage brand ‘CARLTON’. These developments are expected to augment export sales of the company significantly. The company has been focusing on creating exclusive outlets to increase market share.Share Holding Pattern (%): 35. 73 % 43. 44 % VALUATION: 12. 90 % 0. 97% 6. 96% Promoters DIIs Others FIIs corporates Relative Performance Analysis: SENSEX VIP IND We are cautiously optimistic for the moulded furniture segment of the company. In case of luggage segment the management of VIP is very posi tive. The product portfolio of the company has been widened by introducing new products which offers good growth prospects. In FY08, earnings of the company have decreased. Revenues reflect a decrease in income from operation.Net loss reflects higher administrative, selling and other expenses with increased extraordinary items expenses. Currently the company is trading at a P/E 14. 14x of CY09 EPS. Albeit the price earning ratio of the company is high, we maintain a ‘BUY’ on the stock as it is in an expansion mode with a promising business model. (Rs cr) Financial Summary Year Net Sales Total Expenses PAT EPS FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 (Source : JVCS RESEARCH) 297 329 557 544 272 303 404 504 7. 27 7. 9 22 14 4. 73 4. 94 5. 20 6. 60 SEPTEMBER 02’2009 JV CAPITAL SERVICES VIP LTD. INDUSTRY PROFILEIndian Luggage industry is currently undergoing a consolidation phase. The luggage market comprises of three segments: the premium segment with 15% of total market share, the popular segment and the standard segment. VIP Industries is the most dominant player in the premium segment with a market share of 44% in popular segment The luggage market is dominated by the unorganized sector with 5% market share. Northern & western India are the biggest markets in the industry. The organized sector (8%) is growing at lesser pace when compared to the unorganized sector (25%) 50 200 150 100 50 0 I nde x e d Sa l e s Tr e nds BUSINESS UPDATES: In the moulded furniture segment, VIP industries enjoys a small market share, where the company has a huge potential to grow in this business. The company is now able to get the orders from Pune and is able to successfully execute the same in time. During the year, VIP industries has strengthened its distribution hold by significantly increasing its market presence through opening of new shops for Aristocrat & Alfa Brands across the countries. This will significantly contribute in the balance sheets of the company.J u n à ¢â‚¬â€œ 08 M a r – 08 D e c – 08 M a r – 09 S e p – 08 J u n – 09 FINANCIAL FORECAST: (Rs cr) Earning Estimates Particulars Mar ‘09 June’09 117 118 8. 5 3. 6 4. 30 -0. 3 1. 0 0. 34 205 172 32 4. 2 29. 9 5. 6 20. 1 7. 10 Sep’09E 112 102 11 4. 0 10 -. 7 4. 9 1. 6 Dec’09E 151 129 24 3. 0 25 4. 8 12. 8 5. 1 25 20 15 10 5 0 I nd e x e d Pr o fi t Tr e nds Net Sales Total Expenditure PBIDT Depreciation PBT 08 08 ar -0 -0 ar -0 n- p- D ec Ju M Se M Ju n- 09 -5 Tax PAT EPS (Source : JVCS RESEARCH) 8 20 10 0 8 9 †¢ 08 08 ar -0 -0 ar -0 n- p- D ec JuSe Ju n- 09 – 10 8 8 9 In Q1FY10, the company has posted a turnaround result for the quarter. Net profit for the quarter under review clocked at Rs20cr compared to Rs 1cr only. Healthy performance was due to spurted growth in operating profit by 640bps to 10. 4% % 33% fall in interest cost. During H1CY09, the company has launched school bags section priced range between Rs 3 00 & Rs 900 and it aims to sell 70000 bags by the end of FY10. The company is planning to expand its retail network in FY10 as the rentals have touched almost bottom.To grab the change in consumer trend, the company has launched two models with different ranges in hard luggage system. VIP has slashed prices following the decline in prices of raw materials. †¢ Operating Margin Net Margin M M JV CAPITAL SERVICES VIP LTD. OUTLOOK The luggage industry is expected to grow in the current scenario with the factors like: †¢ †¢ Improved travels on month on month basis, passengers carried by various domestic airlines grew by 27% Introduction of new lighter hard luggage with using polycarbonate as basic input. RISK & CONCERNSA major area of concern for the company is its dependence on China to produce most of the soft luggage. The recent changes in the economic scenario in the world along with the new labour regulations in China and the slowdown of production in China poses a mi x of opportunity in terms of reduction of rates but also the threat of rate increases. For hard luggage, the prices of major raw materials have come down in the last quarter thereby the company may get the cost advantage with more scope of better margins. RECOMMENDATION: Currently the stock is trading at a P/E of 14. 9x with an EPS of 8. 10, we maintain a buy on the stock. EPS for CY09 is expected to Rs 14. 19 as company returns back to profitability. Taking the historical P/E of 15x, we arrive at a price target of Rs 212 for a time horizon of 610 months. The price volume trend analysis depicts that the stock is moving in some strong hands. Increasing volumes by major institutional investors gives a clean picture of their keen interest in VIP Industries hence we expect the stock to give handsome returns of more than 80% in next 6 months. JV CAPITAL SERVICES VIP LTD.Research Desk Sajiv Dhawan Ashit Suri Sanjeev Kapoor Narendra Singh Rajeev Kumar Satyendra Singh Bijaya Swain General E nquiries Managing Director Head of Research Trading Desk Trading Desk Trading Desk Back Office Accounts Dept Tel: 011- 41654860 [email  protected] com [email  protected] com 011-41654860 011-41654861 011-41654862 [email  protected] com 011-41654874 / 75 [email  protected] com RISK PROFILE: Low Risk: Fundamentally Sound companies, with low beta. Expected market out-performance is 0—10% Medium Risk: Expected market out-performance is 10-20%.Preferably for the Investors with a maximum time frame of 6 months. High Risk: High Beta Stocks, expected market out-performance is more than 20%, Preferably for the investors willing to take advantage of market momentum and are aggressive in nature. Disclaimer Appendix This document has been prepared by the Research Desk of M/s JV Capital Services Pvt. Ltd and is meant for use of the recipient Ltd. only and is not for circulation. This document is not to be reported or copied or made available to others. It should not be considered to be taken as an offer to sell or a solicitation to support any security.The information contained herein is obtained and collated from sources believed reliable and we do not represent it as accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. The opinion expressed or estimates made are as per the best judgment as applicable at that point of time and are subject to change without any notice. JVCS Pvt. Ltd. along with its associated companies/ officers/employees may or may not, have positions in, or support and sell securities referred to herein. Investors are advised to maintain strict stop loss. JV CAPITAL SERVICES

Surrogacy in India

The essay, â€Å"Inside India's surrogacy industry†, talked about how the surrogacy industry made an impact on India. Being a socially conservative country, India surprisingly does not reject the idea but rather supportive of it. The confederation of Indian industry reported that by 2012, the practice of surrogacy will generate 2. 3 billion dollars. Why is this industry advancing so fast in India? First of all, commercial surrogacy is legal in India, while it is still banned in many other countries. With the business growing so fast, the government is drafting laws to make sure surrogacy is not being privatized. The government is setting the age limit of the surrogate mother to 35 and can only have the maximum of 5 pregnancies, including their own children. Another reason that surrogate mothers are so popular in India is the pricing. In western countries, surrogacy can cost up to 90,000 dollars but in India, the surrogates are only being paid around 6500 to 7500, which is the sum of their income for several years. While this seems like a perfect balance of supply and demand, it does raise some alarming questions. Has the need for survival or simply living a better life twisted the fabric of traditional human beliefs? India, a religious and conservative country, allows their women to simply â€Å"rent† out their wombs. To my understanding, the ability to reproduce is a gift from god. Putting a price tag on something so precious and sacred is no better than prostitution. If prostitution is illegal, then why shouldn't paid surrogacy be? If compared, prostitution may create less long term problem than the surrogate business. Another problem that we should realize is that the Western side of the world should not bring their problems to the east. Child labor and sex related business in China, underage sex trade in Thailand and Indonesia and more other problems were brought in by the westerners. Anything they could not fulfill in their countries, were brought to the weaker east. At times, the supply and demand rule apply but so do many social and health problems. Children who work in sweat shops do not get proper education and they will only remain working in the shop. Children who sell their bodies at a young age were misled to believe that it is a proper method for survival. Surrogacy is not the world's most critical problem but it does touch on many ethnical issues . What needs to be done is carefully review different possibilities and draft laws to heavily regulate. Being able to reproduce is a gift , not a business.