Grapes of Wrath Essay Example for Free

Grapes of exasperation EssayThe exodus of the Joad family from Oklahoma to the promised land of California. They were cheated by trades hands along Highway 66, harassed by border guards at state boundaries, and on arrival were burned out of their makeshift camp by police deputies. One dark night the Joads wandered into Weedpatch Camp, a government refuge for migratory farm workers, where they found clean beds, indoor privies, food, friendship, and hope. Oh Praise God, whispered Ma Joad. God Almighty, I cant hardly mean it pronounced Tom. (p. 390) Their praises were addressed to Providence, but were intended for Washington. Here, they believed, for the first time in their lives, was hard visible proof that their government, whatever and wherever it was, really cared about them and the hundreds of thousands of battalion like themlandless, homeless, penniless victims of a fickle climate, an unstable economy, and a pernicious way of life. Between the Lesters of Georgia and the Jo ads of Oklahoma, a profound change of spirit had make out upon the land.The great revolution of the 20th century, not only in the United States but also in the emerging nations abroad, is the kindling of an extravagant hope that the mankind condition of man can and should be improved, through the harnessing of the power, resources, and machinery of government, not in some distant millennium, but during the lifetime of those now living. The effective response of newfangled governments to this enormous challenge depends not only on the dreaming of dreams and the preaching of hope, but also on the capacity to convert the pictures in mens heads into the realities in their lives.4. Considering the characters in the novel, which actions do you find admirable, and why? Which do you find reprehensible, and why? Admirable A considerable indecisiveness emerges from the novel about how radical the problem is whether the mint of class war exist likely from the interchapters or whether ther e is a clear-cut villain in the Farmers Association with no broader implicationslikely from the chapters and their limited period of view.The problem is partly compounded by the pragmatism of the Joads themselves, in many ways admirable in the face of degenerating circumstances but also insecure in their willingness to lower their expectations at the beginning Ma Joad dreams of a white house in California after a few months on the road, she hopes they whitethorn one day afford a tent that does not leak blush wine of Sharon plans early in her pregnancy a comfortable future for her minor at the end she is sulking for a little milk so that her baby may be born alive.The disadvantages of nonteleological thinking are apparent when the result is a perpetual readjustment to straitened conditions while we are told that the metaphysical grapes of wrath are ripening for the vintage, what we see among the poor is stoicism, sacrifice, and one supreme act of charity. Reprehensible Rose of Sha ron and Connie think only of themselves and of now they will break from the group, and when difficulties arise Connie wishes that he had stayed in Oklahoma to man a tractor driving the people from the land.Later, alone, Rose of Sharon complains of her engross and frets about the coming child, and instead of sharing the family responsibility she adds to family worries. Uncle John is similarly preoccupied with his guilt and his personal problems and is almost useless to the group, picking cotton at only half the rate of the other men. Both he and Al withhold money from the family treasury. Noah, thoughtless of the others, wanders away. Connie, leaving a pregnant wife, also deserts. still the children show a teasing selfishness.Ruthie eats her crackerjacks slowly so that she can taunt the other children when theirs is gone, and at croquet she ignores the rules and tries to play by herself. 5. Describe the theatrical role women play throughout the novel The seemingly gratuitous detai ls of the truck driver and the woman driver may intentionally suggest Steinbecks awareness that men are often destructive while women are usually more protective Tom Joad has just been revealed as having committed manslaughter later we shall see that Ma Joad and Rose of Sharon try to preserve the family and nurture life.Ma Joad would be womanly and maternal in any station. If she had been a duchess, she would have labored with heroism for the honor of the family and would have had a comprehensive vision of the serious social obligations of her class. The scene of her farewell to Tom is of the pure essence of motherhood. The pathos is profound and free from a taint of sentimentality. The courage and devotion of the woman are sublimeIn Ma Joad, Steinbeck created one of the most memorable characters in American fiction of the twentieth century. It is her courage which sustains the family through the almost overwhelming distresses suffered during their epic migration to the West. She v oices the authors belief in the common folks invincible will to survive. Ma is a tower of carriage to her group, like Pilar in Hemingways For Whom the Bell Tolls though less articulate.She is a kind of pagan earth mother, kind to her father-in-law and her mother-in-law, anxious to let her husband Pa lead the family but quickly assuming the reins when he lets them slip through weakness and lack of understanding, firm but sympathetic with her children, friendly with deserving strangers. Ma holds her family together far longer than anyone else in the group could have done. She suffers intensely when she sees Grampa die, then Noah disappear, then Granma die, and then Tom obliged to hide and then go away. But she almost never reveals the degree of her misery.She knows that while she holds, the unit will hold unless mans inhumanity to man and natures indifference put pressure upon her which simply cannot be endured. She goads Pa into near frenzy, knowing that it will make him stronger. S he threatens to slap Rose of Sharon at times, but when the poor, pregnant, abandoned girl needs comfort, Ma is there with it in full measure. She knows that she can rely on Tom, not Al. She lets Uncle John have money for one quick drunken spree, knowing that without it he might crack. References Steinbeck John, (1939) The Grapes of Wrath New York Viking.

Autobiography Example Essay Example for Free

Autobiography Example EssayMy name is Gelliza Z. Quiambao, and I am currently in college examine education. I was born on 12th of September year 1996, four oclock in the afternoon, in Jose Payumo Memorial Hospital. My pargonnts are gigabit and Josephine and I have two brothers who are Gil Joseph and Gianni.I started studying when I was three. My grandparents are the ones who served as my babysitter since my parents werent home for work, so my granddad enrolled me in a Daycare Center. You may not believe this but my grandma told me that I always sleep and cry in crop.After that, my parents enrolled me in Kindergarten because to Elementary. I was only five years old when I was on the first grade. Had to say, I was the youngest but Im subsequent. My elementary days are incredibly awesome. I gained many friends I achieved honors and awards, academic and sports, specifically chess. Its been quite jaded studying six years on the same school but its totally fine with me because I ha ve friends to laugh with, have fun with, and learn with.In 2008, I graduated from elementary and became a high school freshman in Bataan Peninsula State University. Its great that I found true friends that same year, and its quite funny how I always wanted a sister and God gave me nine super cool and amazing friends that actually treated me like a sister. I had so much fun with them. We went hiking on a mountain. Its really unforgettable because we took a ride on a horse.Its my sophomore year in 2009, and the opera hat moment that I remembered back there is when we ditched class. Yeah, I know its not a really good thing to do but, best moments come from worst ideas, right? We cleaned the faculty room as our punishment. We did it for three months.In 2010, I cast off in love with music. Its like, my world revolves rough music. Theres something about the songs that I can somehow relate myself into the lyrics. I learned so much from it. Also this year is when I fell in love with a bo y. Honestly, it wasnt a pretty story. I fell deeply in love with him then when we broke up its like my worst nightmare ever. But I learned that maybe were not really meant to be together. Then, I realized that the fact amongst boy love and boy hate is the belief that whatever happens, Ill be fine.Good friends, competitive teachers and one wonderful family are the ones who mold me for who I am today. Everything good I have inside of me, I get from them. I experienced lots of challenges that test my skills and personality. All those challenges and problems that Ive been through leaves a wonderful lesson. Good days gave me happiness, bad days gave me experiences, which are both essential to life. Success keeps me growing and failures make me humble.Right now, Im studying very well so if I finished college, I can have a good job in order for me to help my family and lay out the style of living that we have now with Gods grace and guidance. Just always remember that, life is like a rol ler coaster. It has ups and downs. But its your excerpt to scream or just enjoy the ride.

The detective genre Essay Example for Free

The detective genre EssayDuring the era of Queen Victoria, when flickering gas lamps lit the squalid streets casting an eerie shadow, a soon to be well known compilation of stories belonging to Detective genre were being published. They were the first of their kind, and were created by Arthur Conan Doyle. His stories became so well known, that soon aft(prenominal) writing his stories, Arthur Conan Doyle was knighted by Queen Victoria herself. Doyles stories called The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, became legendary, as Doyle had created an original fictional pipe-smoking character, called Sherlock Holmes, whose job, it was to solve crimes. This was ironic at the time, due to the simple fact, an infamous murderer, Jack the Ripper, was loose on the streets of London, attacking women. He knifed and ruthlessly murdered legion(predicate) another(prenominal) prostitutes. Unfortunately, the police could not catch him and their methods were seen as inefficient. Conversely, when Sherl ock Holmes, surfaced in 1887 many a(prenominal) of the Victorians fell for the fictional character, as he became the perfect detective, by cracking every case bought to him.Many believe that Sherlock Holmes was the answer to their problems as many Victorians held a deep resentment towards the police, as they did not appear to be protecting the public. The time in which Doyle published his creations was very important to his great success, as the nation was developing and many more people were soon become wealthier. Furthermore, the introduction of compulsory schooling in the 1870 meant that many people soon became literate person which meant even more Victorians had a great chance to read Doyles work.Also, as for the developing middle class, they had much more leisure time and more time to read, at free libraries as they were being established in many towns and cities in Britain. This offered more reading material to entertain the Victorians. These factors help Doyles success, and so did the persona of forensic science. As forensic science was only just developing, Sherlock Holmes was the first fictional detective to use methods of finger printing. This he uses on many occasions, but in The Beryl Coronet one of Doyles most famous stories, he visits the crime scene and collects a set of fingerprints off the window seal.This is ironic because the police officers, which move over already investigated the crime, do not collect a set of fingerprints. Due to their lack of expertise, the police arrests Arthur Holder, ironically, their judgement is flow, and with the help of Sherlock Holmes, Arthur Holder is found to be innocent. Sherlock Holmes reassures the readers those crimes, can be solved and justice will be done. In effect this builds up the publics confidence in him.The Sherlock Holmes compilations are winning to their audience as most of the stories include the main features necessary for detective fiction, which are victims, suspects, villains, clues, r ed herrings and a detective. The detective has the most important role in the whole story, as it is him, who has to engage the readers to stay focused in the story line. In order for this to work the writer has to add mystery, confidence and intelligence to his character. Doyle in his creation of Sherlock Holmes uses his own medical knowledge and background to create such an extraordinary character like Holmes.

Automobile industry in Malaysia and India

Automobile industry in Malaysia and IndiaFirstly, International Business is the performance of trade and enthronisation activities that welcome been done by firms crosswise national borders when it takes place between two or to a greater extent countries. It is also known as cross-border business. Individual firms, governments and foreign agencies ar involved in the international business transactions. The assets that exchange by firms and nations mostly are physical and intellectual assets which including products, run, capital, engineering, know-how and labor. Moreover, international business gives us the opportunity to access the products and services from whole close to the world and it could profoundly affects the quality of life and the economic of the unsophisticated (Cavusgil et al. 2008).DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATIONThe definition of globalization is the deepening relationship and b drivewayening interdep interceptence among quite a little from dispa crop separate o f the world, and especially among different countries (Daniels et al. 2007). The categories that involves in globalization are technical, economic, semipolitical, and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation, and nucleotide. excessively that, in that location are two types of integration which is negative integration and positive integration. Negative integration could refer to barriers between countries being removed such as tariffs and quotas age positive integration could refer to standardizing international economic laws and polices (The non-hub story 2010).MULTINATIONAL COMPANY (MNC)Multinational Company (MNC) also known as Multinational good deal is the most important type of the focal firm. It is a direct resource with the various business activities that which is through the subsidiaries and the affiliates that which located in the multiple countries. MNC has its own planetary of the communicate and it has corporate with th e numerous of the suppliers and the independent business partners of the abroad. MNC is among of the leading participants and many small and medium-sized enterprises participate as well.Multinational company can be categories into 3 elements which is horizontally integrated multinational corporations, vertically integrated multinational corporations and diversified multinational corporations.Horizontally integrated multinational corporationsCorporations that manage production establishments in different countries that produces similar products.Vertically integrated multinational corporationsManage production establishment in certain countries to produce products as input to its production establishment in a nonher(prenominal) countries.Diversified multinational corporationsProduction Establishment is either horizontally or vertically integrated.HISTORY OF HONDAHonda is the worlds largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959 and the worlds largest manufacturer of internal flame engin es measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. It is established by Soichiro Honda in 1948. Due to the World War II, Soichiro Honda authentic and produced small 2-cycle motorbike engines. It is because during that time Japan was facing gasoline storage and they needed inexpensive transportation that need less gasoline (The non-hub story 2010).Now, the be of Honda in railcarmobile manufacturer around the world is number sixth. The first Japanese automobile manufacturer that releases a dedicated luxury brand is Honda. in like manner that, Honda is also producing lawn and garden equipment, tillers, robotics, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators. The headquarters of Honda is located at Minato, Tokyo, Japan (Wikipedia 2010).Macro-environment for automobile industry in host country (PEST analysis)Firstly, the automotive sector is an important yet complicated sector. However, they could use PESTLE analysis to help them in making strategies. PESTLE analysis is a bill that can help organizations making strategies by letting them know nigh the external environment so they could plan their persist time whether they want to operate now or operate in the future. PESTLE stands for political, economic, genial, technological, legal and environment.PoliticalThe people will see a continued progress in the catastrophic steps which have forced the industry into a social politico economic corner. Whether this is related to flat demand or to the industrys creation of an ever-wider range of vehicles that many buyers seem to care little nearly, there is a problem. The manufacturing is like linked approach to the policies of governments, the earnings of banks. Little wonder then that so many acclivitous countries are keen to develop an auto sector or that there is such a political pressure to protect it in the developed countries. The worlds vehicle industry is currently dominated by little more than a hand ful of firms, each wielding colossal financial, emotional and political power. The manufacturing closely to dealing with political institutions has not always been bright. It tends to be good on technical issues, although it has not always fully presented the longer-term options, but in order to make the choices and their clear.EconomicFor ofttimes of the developed world, and increasingly for the underdeveloped world, the automotive industry is a pillar industry, a flag of economic progress. With forbidden an automotive industry, it is impossible to develop an efficient marque business, a plastic industry or a glass sector other central foundations of economic progress. The automotive industry has been a core industry, a unique economic phenomenon, which has dominated the twentieth century. However, the industry now suffers from a series of structural schisms and has become riddled with contradictions and economic discontinuities. For the capital markets and the finance sector, it has anomic a lot of its significance, as a topic of ever declining profits and stagnant sales. The proliferation of products means that it has become hopelessly wasteful of economic resources. While all these and more sound like a very gloomy assessment of such a vast economic phenomenon, the industry is not in the end despondent. A different future is possible for the industry, a highly desirable one.SocialThe worlds automotive industry affects the society as a whole. It employs millions of people directly, tens of millions indirectly. Its products have transformed society, bringing undreamed-of levels of mobility, ever-changing the ways people live and work. The social value of the additional mobility that this industry brings involves the value of the people being able to switch over over longer distances easily, among many others. For most of its existence the motor industry has been a model of social discipline and control and it is not just that the auto sector offers a pillar of something else. There are, on the other hand, particular social issues to address in many exploitation countries, often those that are the result of an undertone of religious faith. The automotive industry has the role to play in helping develop the mobility of such countries and it can be achieved at an acceptable social cost of the country is prepared to learn the necessary lessons from those who have traveled this route before it, and to make the necessary investments.TechnologicalThe automotive industry industrial plant on a scale so awesome and has an influence so vast that it is often difficult to see. The level and diversity of technologies that it must deploy are increasing, which imposes both(prenominal) new investment burdens and new uncertainties and risks. Roughly a million new cars and trucks are built around the world each week they are easily the most complex products of their kind to be mass-produced in such volumes. The industry uses manufacturing tec hnology that is the cutting edge of science. But still, the potential for developing coordination skills, intellectual capabilities and emotional sensitivities through electronic technologies remain far from fully exploited. There are numerous additional near-term technological opportunities to adapt the automobile to changing energy availability. The possibilities suggest that automotive technology is unexpectedly robust and provides a powerful defence against energy starvation even if the real price of crude climbs steadily during the next couple of decades.LegalThe automobile industry is subject to numerous technical directives and regulations, as well as legislation of a more legal nature. The legislation covers areas such as competition law, intellectual property law, consumer protection and taxation, and emissions (air quality and fuels). When the auto parts industry reached full development, accelerated technological efforts were made to fabricate a web of local suppliers t hat would make it possible to meet the growing legal requirements for the national integration of production.EnvironmentalOther than the vehicles themselves, and the roads and fuel needed to run them the business is intricately tied to the manufacture of a wide range of components and the extraction of precious raw materials. Indirectly, it brings people road congestion, too many fatalities and a wave of other environmental troubles. The effect to the automotive companies are that they needed to establish RD centres to take advantage of research cornerstone and human capital, so that they can develop vehicle products locally to satisfy the requirements of the environmental and safety regulations more effectively.PEST of Honda in MalaysiaPoliticalMalaysia is a developing country. From the year 1960 to 1971, the countrys economy was dependent on farming and primary commodities such as rubber and tin. Nowadays, Malaysia is a middle-income country with a multi-sector economy. The GDP growth rate was 5.8% in 2006 and 5.9% in 2007. Domestic demand and dynamism in exports are the main reasons for the economic constancy in Malaysia. Malaysias economic is now depending on industry, agriculture, and services sector, which contributes nearly 115% to the GDP at 2007. Along with the research, Malaysia is one of the worlds main exporters of vehicle parts, accessories and components and to Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan, Indonesia, Japan and UK. The automobile parts industry in Malaysia is maintaining the high news report among their valuable customers locally and also in other country. Engineering capabilities, industrial master plans, and technology advancements are the main factors for the high reputation. The demand for Malaysias automobile parts are continually increasing, especially among major automobile companies like Mercedes, Mazda, Ford, General Motors, Suzuki, Nissan and Mitsubishi. Besides that, there are 343 automobile parts manufactures in Malaysia. Is up unti l now, RM 8.2 trillion was invested by automotive components and parts manufactures in auto parts industry (MSC, 2007).EconomicsMalaysia is dedicated to fulfill its multilateral commitments under WTO and AFTA and has taken steps to change its duty structure. Other measures have been taken as well. Since 2001, the equity constitution for the automobile sector has been relaxed to allow up to 51% foreign equity on a case by case basis. Besides that, in Malaysia manufacturers and assemblers are currently free to multi-source from the most competitive suppliers globally, uninhibited from local content policy requirements (ELM, 2007).SocialMalaysias population was estimated at 25.2 million in 2007, every years growth rate of 1.7 percent. More than 60 percent of the population in Malaysia is Malays and other is Indians (8 percent) and Chinese (32 percent). Approximately 44 percent from the total population is consider to be trained or skilled workers with basic qualifications or higher. Malaysians employees work a minimum of 48-hours per week and also have more holidays compared with China. Until now, the labors costs are still relatively standard compare with other countries in Asia, including Vietnam and China. In addition, Malaysians earnings can be divided into two types one is monthly minimum wages and the other is average wage for an employee in the manufacturing industry (Kiat, 2008).TechnologicalMalaysias infrastructure is good and presents considerable benefits to automobile supply chain operation. Malaysia has 80,328-km road network, highways, and main roads. This mode of transport represents 90% of the goods and passengers traffic in Malaysia. In addition, Malaysia has rail network of more than 2,000 km, mainly located in Kuala Lumpur and along the coast of the Strait of Malacca. The railway service in Malaysia is continuously improving by the government. Such as KTM and LRT. Besides that, there are three main ports and two airports in Malaysia currentl y growing in terms of exports. Such as KLIA and LCCT. (Kiat, 2008).PEST outline OF INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY PoliticalIndian government had launched the auto policy for its Self Sustained growth. The government also allowed the foreign equity investment up to 100% formulation of fuel policy to promotes for vehicles propelled by AESEconomicThe tax wills deductions up to 150% for in house RD activities. Reduce the interest place for export financing. Economy of India has grown over 8.5% per annum for last 5 years. The industry sector has grown 8-10 % for last few years. More than 90% CV grease ones palms is on credit.SocialThe social changed lifestyle of people leads to increased purchase of Automobiles. The Average family size is 4 which make it favorable to buy a quartette wheeler. 4th largest economy on purchasing parity index increase in per capital income levels. The Indian customers are highly educated and well sensible and they are price sensitive. They choice for small an d compact car preference for Fuel efficient cars with low maintenance.TechnologicalTechnology is more and more speech pattern on RD. The government is promoting the NATRIP (National Automotive testing and RD Infrastructure Project) to support the growth of Auto industry in India. Customized solutions can be provided with proliferation of technology. To entry of global brands both product and production process has been improved.ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION TO HONDAMovement of capitalIf the companys capital flows around different countries, the production base of a developing economy would get to enhance. Then, it could enable savings for the entire globe and exhibited high investment potential. It is very important for the country which developing their economy. Developing countries would prefer more on foreign direct investment rather than portfolio investment because portfolio investment does not have a direct impact on the productive competency expansion.Brand awarenessHonda will become more famous when they globalize their company. It will create the opportunity to let the public know more about this company. For example like what is the item that selling in the company, where is their headquarters and etc. Since Honda is producing novelty of items, it will be better for public to know the details about this company.TechnologyWhen Honda has been globalized, the brand awareness of Honda will definitely increase so it could attract more specialist or industry people who wanted to conjunction their company and create new items with them. Besides that, it could help to improve the technology of the world. It is because whenever Honda had come out with a new item, they will sell or office it in all around the world. Therefore, even though the country does not create that item, they also have the opportunity to use it. So it means that the technology of the world will be increasing.Reduce global warmingHonda had produced Hybrid vehicles in order to solve our earth problems like reduce the air contaminant and the amount of petroleum which is acquiring lesser and lesser. Hybrid vehicles are encouraged to use by public as it could at least help out a little for our earth to reduce the global warming issues.STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALISATIONBuild new office or pulverisationIn order to create Honda awareness, Honda should build more office and factory at other area where Honda does not have any office or factory at there. It could make the public to have more working opportunity and at the same time they will more understand about Honda. Besides that, Honda could also try to export their produced items to other potential country which they have not export any of their items to that country in order to create awareness. refreshed recruitmentIn order to create more and more technology items, Honda should hire more specialists or people who familiar with this industry to join Honda. It is because when they create new technology item, it will make our life easier. For example, Honda had created the ASIMO robot to assist us with our daily life. It can also help the people who are not convenience to move around or disable person to do those daily tasks such as pour water, sweep the floor and etc. raise variety of itemsIn order to reduce the global warming problem and at the same time can satisfy the customers needs, Honda have to create variety of items for them to choose. Therefore, everyone will use their items and help to save our environment. It can benefit both sides which is Honda and the earth environment. It is because if Honda really does that then Honda could earn the profit while the environment is getting protected with lesser pollution. For example, Honda could design more Hybrid vehicles in order public could have more choices to choose when they choosing Honda Hybrid vehicles.

Deforestation In Rain Forests Environmental Sciences Essay

de lumberation In come downfall Forests Environmental Sciences EssayDe lumberation in all Rain Forests is a major issue. Natural tones atomic number 18 clear upgond through logging and/or burning. Deforestation is being caused by pile cutting mow the trees for forest, agricultural space and urbanization space. Two cause of disforestation are flurryversion of forests and forest degradation. Conversion of forest means early(a) land uses including pulp, palm, and soy plantations, and things like roads and other infrastructure. Forest degradation comes from fires, illegal and unsustain subject logging, fuel wood harvesting, and climate change. 12 to 15 million hectares of forest are lost each year and are responsible for 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Tropical forests are where disforestation is most prevalent, and holds more than 210 gigatonnes of carbon. There are numerous another(prenominal) an(prenominal) effects of deforestation like reduce biodiversity, relea se of greenhouse gas emissions, disrupts water cycles, increases demesne erosion, and disrupts livelihoods. There are ever stopping pointingly two sides to a controversial issue.DescriptionThe first sides that I am going to be talking ab out(a) are the pros for deforestation. There are many pros for deforestation like that it will suspensor bring income for families and cr tuckeres jobs, build nucleotides, and uses wood in their daily lives. In addition, there are many wood products out in the world, and creating grazing and farming lands. Also, whatsoever forest areas contain natural resources, so mining will take place instead. Overall, there are many pros to deforestation, but people are causing extra damage, so the cost set outs expensive.There are many benefits to deforestation it helps out people all rough the world. Cutting down the trees would help bring in income for families. Logging corporations help with economy by creating jobs for people. Having the trees cut d own, would help build shelters, and homes for people. mint use wood for everything, like cooking and a source of energy which helps with daily lives. Wood products such as tables, chairs, dressers, wheel-barrels, construction of doors, window frames, crates, coffins, furniture, plywood sheets, chopsticks, household utensils and other items. The footing of the wood is sold to wealthy people who pay 100 times more than the locals. Create land for farming and grazing land for cattle is the giganticst causes of deforestation. few forested areas contain other natural resources, such as iron ore or mineral deposits. Deforestation is caused by companies that go in and mine for these resources. intimately of the precipitate forest timber on the international market is sold to rich countries. People who hand over moved into rain forest areas and established meek farming operations cause more harm by cutting down more tree on top of the corporation log large areas of the rain forest. These are the landless peasants who have followed roads that have already damaged rain forest areas. The additional damage they are causing is extensive. Shifted cultivators are currently being blamed for 60% of tropical forest loss.On the other hand, there are many cons to deforestation. What we dont realize how much damage that we cause. some of the cons to deforestation are that there is a reduction in biodiversity, and some of the animals are being affected by this. In addition, climate change, priming erosion, and nutrients are lost to deforestation. Another con of deforestation is the increase with greenhouse gas emissions, which will affect the water cycle causing soil erosions. The last con to deforestation is that it will disrupt animals and people living there.Biodiversity is mixture of animals, plants, humans and other organisms living together. Deforestation and forest degradation buns cause biodiversity to decline. People rely on the forests, through small-scale agri culture, for hunting and gathering and by harvesting forest products. Indigenous people, plants and animals are driven out, and many plants and animals may become extinct. When forests are destroyed, wildlife is deprived of their habitat pushing them into populated areas. Considering that about 80% of the worlds documented species can be found in tropical rain forests, deforestation puts at risk a majority of the countrys biodiversity(wwf).Some animals that are being harmed by deforestation are spider monkey, Manatee, and Bengal tiger. For an example the spider monkey in general live high up in the canopy and depends on trees and other vegetation to survive. The spider monkey also uses plant to get their food. Spider Monkeys eat fruits, leaves and nuts and occasionally insects. Spider Monkeys are located in Central and sec America and some parts of Mexico. Another species threatened by deforestation is the manatee which is related to the elephant. Also manatee lives all around th e world, mostly in tropical warm water areas range in central South American water that flows through the rain forest and as far north as Florida. The last species of animal that are affected deforestation is the Bengal tigers can be found in southeast Asia in parts of India, China, Bangladesh and Indonesia as well as other southeast Asian countries. The Bengal tiger is endangered. The tiger is losing its native Australian land to loss of habitat push the tiger into more populated areas.Climate change, soil erosion and nutrients are lost making the object insecure. Since the ground is insecure and lack of plant life holding water creates flooding in watersheds. Increased soil erosion from lack of trees and water accelerates rates of soil erosion, by increasing runoff and reducing the protection of the soil from tree litter. The flooding will also cause landslides to form. Deforestation also disrupts water cycle. As a result of deforestation, trees no all-night evaporate groundwat er, which can cause the local climate to be much drier. In addition, it will also change out parts of the world or flood other parts of the world.A good example about the climate change is that in the Mediterranean, summers have become hotter, with less and less humidity and more winds. With these kinds of conditions, it will help create forest fires. There are also more intensive rains and storms during spend which leads to increased vegetation, which in summer dries out and becomes fuel for fires (wwf). With different climate changes, there are always more chances for forest fires happening. globular warming which is caused by large amounts of Carbon dioxide floating in the atmosphere. The rays of the sun go through the atmosphere, but become trapped in the atmosphere, causing the temperature of the planet to rise. Deforestation accelerates this by reducing the number of trees, which help to convert Carbon dioxide into oxygen. Deforestation causes 15% of global greenhouse gas em issions. Of these, carbon dioxide emissions represent up to one-third of thoroughgoing carbon dioxide emissions released because of human causes (wwf).The last cause of deforestation is that it disrupts people and animals living there. Deforestation pose severe social problems and leading to violent conflicts in resources. Rain forests are destroyed by heavy machinery used to penetrate the forests and build roads causes extensive damage, and gathering only few logs are gathered. Trees fallen and soil is compacted by heavy machinery which does not allow forests regenerate.Local tribes and people are disrupted birds and animals are dislocated by logging which plays a major purpose in deforestation. Roads that built in rain forest which poor farmers use to get in to the rain forest and cause more deforestation. conditionMy position on the issue about wanting to save the rain forest and gunpoint deforestation. I believe that the cons out way the pros because there are many threats, b ut there are all different kinds of solutions. One of the treats is that animals are losing their habitat and forest is being lost. In addition, the rain forest affects the climate because it helps to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Also, you would take care different climate patterns and sometimes soil erosions. In addition, there is also illegal lodging. Some of the methods that we could possibly do are to restore forests that we are destroying, so that we can fix up the parts that we messed up. I think we have get out there and allow more people know so we will be able to stop it. In addition, I think we should enforce the laws and treaties that are out there in order to achieve zero deforestation. I believe that if we do not stop deforestation, we wont have a planet where we are able to breath clean air and loss all different kinds of species and plants. Overall, I believe that we should save the rain forest and stop deforestation before it gets to a fault bad.Discussion on m y PositionThere are many threats to deforestation in rain forests. Some of the threats that we are causing is the logging interests for cutting down rain forest for timber that we use in flooring, furniture, and other items. Hydroelectric projects flood acres of rain forest which means habitats are lost and forest communities and wildlife have to move. In addition, mining operations helps clear forest to gain natural resources, but they contaminate the forest eco-system with their runoff. Another threat to deforestation is a bunch of different types of industries and even sometimes the government. The first type is power plants and other industries because they cut and burn trees to help generate electricity. The second type of exertion is paper indus purify because they turn huge tracts of rain forest trees into pulp. The third is governments and industries because they clear and cut forests away, to help contact way for service and transit roads. boorish interests are also a ma jor cause of deforestation. For example, cattle industry is one of them because they use slash-and-burn techniques to clear ranch land and the soy industry to clear forests for cropland. In addition, farmers like to slash-and-burn rain forest for firewood and to make room for crops and grazing lands. The last threat of deforestation is building roads because they are clearing the forests to make roads. In addition by making roads through the habitat, we are endangering the wildlife habitats, so we might get rid of amazing specie because it no longer has it habitat to live in. The last thing with building roads is that it helps provide a good access point for illegal loggers and other business operations to gain more access to the forest.Biodiversity is a major part of the world. It does not affect only humans, but it can also affect species and plants. In the rain forest, many different types of species and plants live there. For example, 1,500 species of flowering plants, 750 speci es of trees, 125 mammal species, 400 species of birds, 100 species of reptiles, 60 species of amphibians, and 150 different species of butterflies. In addition, there are many species of fish living near the rivers. For instance, in this quote there are more fish species in the Amazon river system than in the entire Atlantic Ocean (savetherainforest.org). In Indonesia and Malaysia, more and more trees are cut down to produce palm oil, resulted in the loss of habitat for the native orangutans. With the loss of many trees many animals are becoming homeless that soon more animals will show up under the Endangered Species Act. The last thing is that Rainforests are home to two-thirds of all living animal and plant species on the planet, with hundreds of millions of species still undiscovered (coolingearth.org).The rain forest helps with keeping the air clean and the water cycle on track. It also helps with soil erosions. It cycles the Carbon dioxide and creating less CO2 emissions. A he ctare (2.471 acres) of rain forest absorbs one ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year (savetherainforest.org). From people clearing and destroying the rain forest is creating a less places for CO2 to be absorbed. Since people are removing trees, we are just now helping with Global warming. This relates to Global Warming because the Rainforests are full of life to global weather systems acting as the worlds thermostat (cooleath.org). In addition, with the climate being so weird, there are chances of more flooding in some areas and in other area dryness.There are several methods out to stop deforestation and for saving rain forests. The first method to help stop deforestation is reforestation. Basically what I am talking about is that we can replant trees that we cut down. In addition, you join environmental awareness groups that would help you recommend about reforestation. The second method to stop deforestation is support laws and programs that are made to protect forests and to e nd deforestation. One program that made a loss is the Forestry Action Plan. The third method to stop deforestation is that you should only cut down mature trees and keeping the younger trees intact. For every tree that is lost, you should try to supervene upon it with another one. The fourth method to stop deforestation is by using recycle items, so you would not need to replace new raw material. The last method is that you can limit your consumption of products that contain palm oil. For example, you can limit your consumption on breads, chocolates, and even some cosmetics such as shampoo, goo or toothpaste. When I talk about the consumption of products, I also mean your food consumption like that you can roast or seethe your foods.There are many laws and treaties out there to help achieve zero deforestation, but we have to try harder. I believe that if we all try to work together I am sure that we will be able to achieve what we want. Some of the laws that we can use are the Wi lderness Act, Lacey Act, and the roadless Rule. Theses can help protect the U.S. forests and stop illegal wood products from entering the U.S. marketplace. Another law is The Tropical Forest and Coral Conservation Reauthorization Act 2009 to help give developing countries a financial incentive to promote environmental conservation within their own borders (coolearth.org). One of the treaties that we use is the Convention on global Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). The reason why we use this treaty is to help protect forests and the endangered plant and animal species that rely on forest for habitats (greenpeace.org).QuestionDuring my research about deforestation in rain forests, some questions came up about it. The first question is what would be the point of replanting the trees if you are just going to cut the tree down again? The second question that came up during my research is if we have all these different kinds of laws, then why dont we see changes? In addition, why don t they try to enforce the laws better?ConclusionMyWork CitedAkinyemi, Aaron. New US law uses debt relief to help conserve tropical rainforests protect rainforests with Cool Earth Action Keeping carbon where it belongs. Home Protecting rainforests with Cool Earth Action Keeping carbon where it belongs. Cool Earth Action, n.d. Web. 5Dec.2012. .Benefits of Deforestation EDU.UDYM.com. EDU.UDYM Information for your life. Get the benefit of our combined research and effort to guide your information needs. N.p., 5Aug.2008. Web. 5Dec.2012. .Deforestation the Effects It Has on a Global Scale case Geographic. Green Living National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 5Dec.2012. .Deforestation Facts, Deforestation Information, Effects of Deforestation National Geographic. Environment Facts, Environment Science, Global Warming, Natural Disasters, Ecosystems, Green Living National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 5Dec.2012. .Fiset, Nathalie. 8 Basic Ways of Preventing Deforestation. EzineArticle Su bmission. N.p., 29Mar.2007. Web. 5Dec.2012. .Rain Forest Threats, Rain Forest Species National Geographic. Environment Facts, Environment Science, Global Warming, Natural Disasters, Ecosystems, Green Living National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 5Dec.2012. .Rainforest Animals. Rainforest Animals. Sciennected, 4Jan.2001. Web. 5Dec.2012. .Rainforest Destruction. Save The Rainforest. N.p.,2001. Web. 5Dec.2012. .Solutions to Deforestation Greenpeace. Greenpeace International Home Greenpeace International. GREENPEACE,2012. Web. 5Dec.2012. .The Rainforest Protecting rainforests with Cool Earth Action Keeping carbon where it belongs. Home Protecting rainforests with Cool Earth Action Keeping carbon where it belongs. Cool Earth Action, n.d. Web. 5Dec.2012. .WWF Deforestation. WWF WWF. N.p., n.d. Web. 5Dec.2012. .

Ict Utilisation And Integration In The Classroom Education Essay

Ict Utilisation And Integration In The Classroom Education EssayTechnology bottom of the inning be rehearse to strengthen student scholarship and enhance pedagogy and stinkpot be used effectively as a cognitive tool for article of touch and accomplishment in the classroom (Bruce Levin, 2001 Bransford, Brown Cocking, 2000). Teachers use applied science for a variety of reasons and these include record keeping, writing lesson plans, creating worksheets and communicating with p arnts. However, despite the widespread use of engineering science in schools, it seems that teachers be more inclined to use engine room to escort their existing practices ( such(prenominal) as providing practice drills, demonstration).Previous studies revealed how and why individuals adopt new information technologies (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis Davis, 2003), scarcely it is non retiren what influences teachers to use engineering science in their classroom we need a better understanding of the be liefs that inform these decisions. Previous studies put on shown various attributes that fag be associated with the utilisation and desegregation of ICT in the classroom. For instance, teachers attributes is variously grouped into personal characteristics, one of such characteristics Self-efficacy, perceptions and ease of use(Albion, 2001 Enochs, Riggs, Ellis, 1993 Kellenberger, 1996 Riggs Enochs, 1993 Wang, Ertmer, Newby, 2004a). When a teacher perceives that he or she can effectively use technology in the process of teaching and learning, it lead impact that teachers ability to use technology in the classroom. However, the factors that influence self-efficacy beliefs towards technology integrating remain largely ambiguous, particularly when examining the possible influences of students attitudes towards technology. These beliefs atomic compute 18 likely to be related to each other and they interact dynamically in influencing teachers decisions about the use of technolo gy in the classrooms.Bandura (1997) describes perceived self-efficacy as beliefs in ones capabilities to organise and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments. As this applies to the consolidation of technology into education, self-efficacy beliefs toward technology integration concord been theorized to be a determining factor in how well a teacher is able to effectively use technology to meliorate teaching and learning.Given that teachers act as change agents for technology integration in schools, it is critical to understand the factors that facilitate and those that act as barriers to teachers use of technology in schools. Research has found that teachers belief on the use of technology is influenced by more factors, such as purlieu, funds, availability of required technologies etc. (Leggett, Persichitte, 1998). The factors can be classified as either arising from the external environments where the teachers work in or the personal characteristics of the teachers (Chai Khine, 2006). While both internal and external conditions affect technology use in classrooms, (Ertmer 2005) argues that although environmental conditions in terms of technological infrastructures have improved, factors pertaining to teachers beliefs are yet to be resolved. . In Nigeria, there are some ethnical factors such as religion, belief, age, that can contribute to teachers inability to integrate technology in the classroom (can you support this claim with a literature?). In addition, an come on that arises from Nigeria is that solitary(prenominal) well-trained teachers have enough confidence to actually use ICT as a teaching mechanism in the classroom teaching (Forster,2008). Before the topic of ICT, pre service teachers were not expose to new modern channels of information, which and will develop in them self-guided learning materials, placing more focus on learning sooner than teaching.Insufficient access to computers is one of the main obstacle s for ICT programmes. This is particularly relevant for educational institutions located in rural ranges where the school or training institution is the only access point for computers. Swarts(2002) noted that government cooperation is necessary for ICT programmes to be sustainable. Its cooperation is needed in order to support the education curriculum system, which is vital for the survival of ICT role and classrooms integration (Kozma, 2008).PurposeThis study will therefore look into teachers beliefs about technology usage in the classroom among secondary school teachers in Lagos state, the integration of technology into teaching and its teachers influence on the students attitudes toward technology.Significance of studyThis study will be significant to the following individuals as stated belowTeachers will be aware 0f the key concern driving policy and interest in the pedagogical integration of ICT and the premise that ICT is important for bringing changes to classroom teaching and learning so as to foster thedevelopment of students 21st-century skills.It is important because it will help to build up teachers confidence in using technology in general, which would hence increase their intention and willingness to use technology in the future (Yuen Ma, 2008).It is also useful because it will help to develop a school environment which enables teachers to have more hands-on experience in new technologies (Allan, 2007 Fleming et al., 2007),Students may acquire special, these skills include the ability to become lifelong learners within a scene of collaborative inquiry and the ability to work and learn from experts and peers in a connected global community (Law, Pelgrum Plomp, 2008121)ResearchersThis study would contribute to the limited research in this area and add clarity to the relationships among these beliefs and will help to them suggest ways of convincing teachers to use ICTs in their classrooms because they are indispensable in this technologicall y globalised era. queryHow do teachers beliefs relate to their instructional technology practices in classroom?2 How do the environmental conditions affect ICTs use in classroom?What obstructs teachers positive belief about ICT integration in the classroom?Literature ReviewA major gap has always existed between affluent people living in essential societies with access to modern information technology and underprivileged people living in impoverished and rural communities in developing and least developed countries. Even today, an unequal adoption of technology excludes many from harvesting the fruits of the digital economy (Giri,2002).To investigate the factors hindering teachers readiness and confidence in using ICTs, Tella, Tella,Toyobo, Adika Adeyinka (2007) examined Nigerian secondary school teachers uses of ICTs and implications for further development of ICT use in schools using a census of 700 teachers. They found that inadequate knowledge to evaluate the role of ICT in tea ching and learning, lack of skills in the use of ICT equipment and software had resulted in a lack of confidence in utilizing ICT tools. This is consistent with Preston (2000) who concluded that lack of technical support to be the key inhibitor to the use of ICT in classroom. As indicated by Bradley and Russell (1997), recurring faults, and the expectation of faults occurring during teaching sessions have reduced teachers confidence and caused teachers to avoid using technology. In addition, obstacles such as access to equipment, time pressures, lack of mentor and opportunities for apprenticeship of observation also have an impact on teachers ability to use ICT (Slaouti Barton, 2007). Further, teachers workload and time management was found to be inhibiting the implementation of computer instruction in classroom (Guha, 2000). While there is a great deal of studies about how ICT is be used in developed countries, there is not much information on how ICT is be integrated into scho ols in developing countries (Beukes-Amiss and Chiware, 2006).Investments in ICT for educational innovations and improvements purposes have been continuing, but the need for teachers who will employ it in the classroom as a staple part of the curriculum is disregarded (Niederhauser and Stoddart, 2001 Vacc and Bright, 1999). ICT does not have an educational respect in itself, but it becomes precious when teachers use it in the learning and teaching process effectively. As Shakeshaft (1999, p. 4) notes, just because ICT is present does not mean that students are using it. The impact of ICT is strongest when used in a particular content area and further supported by use across the curriculum (Ward and Parr, 2010). Since teachers are the key figures to utilize ICT in educational settings productively and to help integrate ICT into the curriculum, there is every need for them to develop and have positive attitude towards its work and efficacy in the classrooms. . ICT promotes a positive attitude towards information technology as an essential part of a lifelong interest in learning. Teachers also perceive the use of ICT as enhancing recall of previous learning, providing new stimuli, activating the learners response, and providing systematic and steady feedback. It is further perceived as sequencing learning appropriately, and providing access to a rich source of information(Hennessy, Harrison and Wamakote, 2010). For example, Tella et al. (2007) found that computer use by teachers was driven by intentions to use it, and that perceived usefulness was also potently linked to those intentions. The implication is that teachers will be inclined to use technology if they perceive it to be useful. Furthermore, ICT require to be linked to specific needs of learners, desisting from the one size fits all approach (Leach, 2005, p. 112). It is most effectively used as a learner-centred tool, instead of within a more traditional pedagogy. The real altercate for educationists is, therefore, how to harness the potential of ICT to complement the role of a teacher in the teaching and learning process.Roblyer (2002) found that many pre-service teachers are still entering universities with curt knowledge of computers and appropriate skills as well as lacking positive attitudes toward ICT use in the classroom. Again, Gunter (2001) states that many higher education institutions are still flunk to prepare pre-service teachers for positive technological experiences and utilisation. This will make it difficult for teachers to be able to transfer their ICT skills to their students and encourage them to implement ICT when they themselves have negative belief toward ICT integration in the classrooms (Yldrm, 2000). Many studies indicate that it is teachers attitudes, expertise, lack of autonomy and lack of knowledge to evaluate the use and role of ICT in teaching (or technophobia in teachers) that are the prominent factors hindering teachers readiness and confidenc e in using ICT support(Hennessy, Harrison Wamakote, 2010). In order for ICT to be effectively used in education, a sense of its value needs to exist as well as the expectation that its use will lead to success. Teachers education requires instructional design, and a belief about computers needs to be present if all teachers are to use ICT in their classrooms. Classroom practices need to change in order for ICT to be fully effective, and attitudes of some who may be unwilling to move away from the traditional way of teaching, need to be taken into consideration when training teachers for ICT use (Tella, Tella, Toyobo, Adika Adeyinka,2007). Therefore, teachers perceptions of ICT integration and physical exercise in the classrooms are somewhat related to the technology acceptance model (TAM) which was originated by Davis in 1986 (Davis, 1989). The model indicates that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are devil specific determinants of a users acceptance of a technolog y. Perceived usefulness indicates the users perception of the extent that the technology will develop and improve his job exploit positively. This includes decreasing the time for performing the job, more productivity and accuracy. Perceived ease of use refers to the users perception of amount of the effort necessary for using the system or the extent to which a user believes that employing a specific technology will be easy. Summers (1990) found that the lack of knowledge and experience in the computing area is one of the most common beliefs for teachers negative attitudes towards computers. Selwyn (1997) found that a major deterent to the use of computers by teachers was computer phobia. These teacher anxieties could be caused by psychological factors such as having little or no control over the activity, thinking that they might damage the computer, and feeling that ones self esteem is threatened sociological factors such as ICT being regarded as a solitary activity, needing to be clever to use one, and being replaced by the computer and operational factors such as being beyond ones abilities, having to cope with unfriendly jargon, and the likelihood of the technology going wrong. Teachers should be provided with adequate and appropriate support in their classrooms, and be guided by skipper standards that incorporate a code of conduct (Semenov,2005). The successful use of computers in the classroom depends on the teachers belief and attitudes towards computers (Lawton Gerschner, 1982). By means of survey and data assembling using questionnaire, the study will also explore factors impeding both qualified and prospective secondary school teachers positive beliefs and their future expectations related to utilization and integration of ICTs in the classrooms during teaching and learning.Research designThe design adopted in this study is a descriptive survey method. This will allow the researchers to have a complete description of the impact of teachers beli ef on utilization and integration of ICTs in the classrooms.Population and SampleThe population of the study comprised all universal and private secondary schools in Lagos state Nigeria. Three hundred secondary school students from both Twenty five percent public and private schools were purposefully selected because it will not be convenient for the researchers to use all the schools in the Lagos state, again they make a good representation of the schools in the state. Then, a number of teachers in each schools were taken.This gives a total of - which their ages ranged between 25years 45 with a mean age of 35 years ( NB we will get the aim fig. from data collection/questionnaire) They consist of -males and -females.InstrumentAn instrument named Teachers Belief on Utilization and Integration of ICTs in the Classrooms was developed by the researchers and used for data collection. The instruments consists two sections. Section one requested demographic information from the responde nts. The second section contains ten questions on likert type response format and the respondents are requested to subscribe to from strongly agree, agree, disagree and strongly disagree. The instrument was administered on thirty respondents to ascertain its reliability after modification.ProcedureAll the 250 teachers used for the study were given questionnaires in their respective schools with permission granted by the various authorities of the schools. The administration took place after the school hour in each school. Before then, the integral respondents were informed about the date of the exercise.A day was allocated for two schools. This mean that 15 days was used to cover all the 30 schools selected in which the respondents were selected.(NB pls note how many questionnaires were administered and no. that were valid)Method of data analysisData collected were analyzed using chi square and why?/?Recommendation( this is just a guess and to know whether it is in line with how i t is beig written)The findings showed that most teachers perceived ICT as very useful and as making teaching and learning easier but still do not believe in utilization and integrating them during teaching and learning especially in Nigerian situation where there is no steady power supply, apostrophize of the equipment, unavailability of the ICTs in most schools,lack of expertertise especially in public schools, etc. It was recommended that professional development policies should support ICT-related teaching models, in particular those that encourage both students and teachers to play an active role in teaching activities. Additionally, emphasis should be placed on the pedagogy underlying the use of ICTs for teaching and learning.

T.V Violence Affects Are Kids :: essays research papers

Television is the biggest form of mul measuredia out there. Its most important role is to say the news and maintain communications between people around the world. Televisions most influential, yet most serious aspect is its shows for entertainment. Violent childrens shows like Mighty Morphin index finger Rangers and adult shows like NYPD Blue and Homicide almost always fail to show the characters resolve their differences in a non-violent manner, instead they show a more socialise resolution, where the good guy beats the crap out of the bad guy. In one episode of NYPD Blue three people were murdered in the swing out of an hour. "Contemporary television creates a seemingly insatiable appetite for amusement of all kinds without regard for social or moral benefits" (Foley, 41). Findings over the past twenty years by three Surgeon Generals, the Attorney Generals Task Force on Family Violence, the American Medical Association, the National Institute of Mental Health, the Am erican psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and other medical authorities indicate that televised violence is harmful to all of us, but particularly to the mental health of children (Foley, 70-71). In 1989 the results of a five-year try out by the American Psychological Association indicated that the average child has witnessed 8,000 murders and 100,000 other acts of violence on television by the time he or she has completed sixth grade. In further studies it was determined that by the time that same child graduates from high school he or she will have spent 22,000 hours watching television, twice as many hours as he or she has spent in school (Lamson 124).     In a study by the Centers for Disease Control, published by the JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association), it was shown that homicide rates had doubled between the introduction of television in the 1950s and the end of the study in 1994. In that same study other possible causes for the vast increases in violence were studied, "the baby boom effect, trends in urbanization, economic trends, trends in alcohol abuse, the role of detonating device punishment, civil unrest, the availability of guns, and exposure to television"(Lamson 32). Each of these purported causes was tested in a variety of ways to see whether it could be eliminated as a conjectural contributor to doubling the crime rate in the United States, and one by each of them was invalidated, except for television.